A Potential Controversial Step In IVF

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has successfully helped millions of couples with infertility have children over several decades. The process involves the handling of eggs and sperm to create embryos that are then transferred to a woman’s uterus for pregnancy. IVF, while successful, has detractors and naysayers. Many see IVF as a commodification of life, with control over embryos a major talking point. Others have religious concerns. Perhaps the biggest argument against IVF is that fertility clinics can help parents determine the gender of the future child. Gender selection is not a requirement but is possible. Some IVF patients seek out gender selection through fertility clinics. Understanding the many ethical, legal, and social consequences can help with better decision-making.

Can you determine your future child's gender?

With IVF, gender selection is possible. Couples can request that an embryo that is potentially male or female be used in the implantation process. The IVF process combines multiple harvested eggs with a provided sperm sample to create multiple embryos. Sometimes, these embryos undergo preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to scan for potential genetic diseases or conditions that can lead to a failed implantation. PGD can also determine the sex of the embryo based on the presence of female, XX, or male, XY, chromosomes. The desired embryo is then selected for implantation.

Why do couples choose gender selection

Gender selection is not a goal for all IVF couples, but some see the benefit in requesting a specific gender. The biggest reason is the concept of family balancing, where the family wants children of both genders for personal or religious reasons. Some IVF couples feel more connected to or equipped to raise a child of a particular gender. In rare cases, some couples carry sex-linked genetic conditions or abnormalities. Choosing a specific embryo reduces the possibility of the child inheriting the disease. PGD has a nearly 100% gender selection, but successful pregnancies still vary due to age and other factors.

Let's talk about ethical considerations

Genetic selection should not be taken lightly. There are ethical factors to consider, such as the potential for misuse. Many see gender selection as a slippery slope. The potential to choose a particular gender over another exists, leading to discrimination against the other. Some families may have cultural or religious beliefs surrounding gender selection, which can cause unwanted rifts. Gender selection can be seen as disrupting the natural order of childbirth. The future child must also deal with the ethical and emotional consequences of gender selection. There can be unrealistic expectations based on gender, leading to self-esteem challenges.

Legal implications matter

IVF patients should also consider the many legal and social implications of requesting gender selection. Some states have strict requirements surrounding gender selection unless for clear genetic disease concerns. Others have ambiguous rules or laws, which can lead to uncertainty among potential parents. The landscape is constantly evolving, with new questions surrounding reproductive rights continually asked. Many lawmakers are concerned about the future child's rights despite the current parent's autonomy. Discuss these concerns with the fertility team who may have the appropriate resources or counsel to provide the best answers based on state. Err on the side of caution and seek legal advice before gender selection.

What will gender selection look like in the future?

Technology will continue to advance to make genetic testing easier and standard. As a result, patients can decide on the future child's gender before an IVF consultation. Genetic testing may even evolve into manipulation, opening the door for the designer baby argument and the misuse of genetic testing information. The constant use may create genetic preferences and hierarchies as society shifts toward specific genders or genetic traits. As technology improves, so will laws and requirements, which may bring much-needed balance to the issue. In the future, expect to see gender selection as a normal part of the IVF process.

Have a deep discussion about gender selection

Gender selection in IVF is picking up momentum. Genetic testing allows for gender selection despite the possible drawbacks. Before proceeding, potential parents are encouraged to carefully assess the pros and cons of gender selection. On one hand, reproductive technology affords IVF patients the potential to determine male or female chromosomes. At the same time, there are many legal, social, and cultural roadblocks. Fertility clinics keep strict guidelines regarding gender selection. Have a detailed discussion with a fertility specialist and make the best decision.