The Complex World Of Infertility
Infertility is a condition of the reproductive system defined as the inability to conceive or get pregnant after 1 year of trying and affects both men and women. The percentage of women ages 25-49 diagnosed with infertility is 15.4% and 12.8% of men. Approximately 48 million couples worldwide struggle with infertility, causing feelings of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions. Primary infertility is the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse or 6 months in individuals 35 or older who have never had children. Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive after having at least one previous successful pregnancy.
Why you might be infertile?
Men can have infertility with a history of low sperm counts, low sperm motility, or irregularly shaped sperm. One of these conditions affects about 2% of males and is often secondary to a testicular infection, cancer treatment, hormonal imbalances and low testosterone blocked ejaculatory ducts, or overheated testicles from the use of saunas or wearing tight clothing. Certain diseases can cause infertility in males, like cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders. Infertility in women occurs from issues with ovulation in 25% of the cases where the egg is not released during the monthly menstrual cycle. Other common causes include damage to the fallopian tubes or the uterus, hormone imbalances, thyroid disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis. 15-30% of couples are diagnosed with unexplained infertility where a cause is not identified.
What is infertility testing?
Basic testing for a woman consists of blood work to test hormone levels and progesterone, thyroid function, a pelvic exam, and an ultrasound. Hysterosalpingography might be ordered, which uses injected dye and X-ray to look for blockages in the fallopian tubes. Men typically will undergo a semen analysis, hormone testing including testosterone levels, and genetic testing. Ultrasound to evaluate the testicles and a biopsy may also be performed.
A specialist can help
A reproductive endocrinologist (RE) is an obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) who has further training in the endocrine system and the glands that secrete hormones in the body. Endocrine hormones function to control metabolism, growth, and development, the sleep-wake cycle, physiologic processes like blood pressure and electrolyte balance, sexual function, and reproduction. Considered infertility experts, REs can offer many advantages to couples trying to conceive. A RE can perform a full diagnostic workup, including bloodwork, semen analysis, and imaging tests to determine the root cause of infertility. Additionally, REs can also perform ovarian reserve testing through a combination of hormonal blood tests and vaginal ultrasound to check the number of egg-releasing follicles which helps to predict the likely response to fertility treatment. Moreover, REs can perform other procedures, including minimally invasive surgeries like laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, to more accurately determine a diagnosis.
Time to start treatment
Reproductive endocrinologists are also experts in fertility treatment and assisted reproductive technology (ART), which includes in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and ovarian stimulation. Vital to the infertility process is early intervention to identify and address potential causes before significant damage occurs. Furthermore, REs can also provide lifestyle guidance, such as smoking cessation and weight management, which is essential to improve the chances of success. REs can provide a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis and prepare a personalized treatment plan for individuals seeking to conceive.
Navigating infertility with a pro
Infertility can affect both men and women, causing negative feelings and emotions. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for optimizing the chances of a successful pregnancy. REs are highly trained experts in diagnosing infertility conditions as well as treatment with ART. With the guidance of a reproductive endocrinologist, individuals can overcome infertility challenges, achieving the dream of having a child.
