Improving Viability Odds During IVF

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most popular forms of assisted reproductive technology (ART). While the process isn’t the only fertility treatment option, the higher success rates make it preferable for many people. However, IVF isn’t a cure-all solution and the participant’s underlying physical conditions as well as reproductive health will also influence success rates. For many individuals, the potential for hereditary conditions being passed down to children is another potential threat. To mitigate these risks, some people opt for genetic testing before the embryo transfer. Specifically, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can improve overall outcomes.

Genetic testing in IVF

While several genetic testing options are available, some are specific to IVF and other fertility treatments. The general term for any screenings performed before embryo transfer is referred to as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). The process differs from standard genetic testing performed during pregnancy because the screening occurs before a positive pregnancy test result is known. Specific to IVF, PGD is a special type of PGT.

PGD explained

PGD is a specific type of genetic screening test administered before the embryo transfer stage in IVF. The test is designed to detect genetic disorders and is intended for people with a family history of either debilitating or rare diseases. This is because during fertility testing, family medical history is recorded and patients will share which diseases or conditions, if any, are present. With this information, genetic testing will be performed shortly after the embryos are created, directly screening for any known conditions.

When PGD occurs

Although PGD occurs before embryos are transferred to a woman’s uterus, the screening is most often performed shortly after technicians perform the assisted hatching step. The process occurs right before fertilization, when technicians create a small crack in the egg’s exterior to facilitate sperm entry into the egg. After fertilization, when the embryo transforms into a blastocyst, where cells are biopsied for genetic analysis. After receiving the results, technicians will select the healthiest embryos for transfer to the uterus. On average, PGD can extend the timeline by 7-10 days.

Who should consider PGD?

While most IVF participants are encouraged to undergo general PGT, people with a family history of rare diseases, or who carry the gene are strongly encouraged to opt into PDG. Likewise, individuals over age 37 or with a history of multiple miscarriages should also consider the screening.

How PDG helps couples

Genetics is just one factor that influences fertility treatment outcomes. Still, carrying genes for a rare or life-threatening disease suggests that undergoing testing can help to improve conception odds and minimize the risk of an embryo carrying genes that increase the chances of adverse outcomes.