Can You Predict IVF Success With PGT?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has helped millions achieve pregnancy in cases of infertility or family planning. While effective, there are cases where IVF cycles repeatedly fail. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a strategy that fertility clinics can use to improve success rates. This technique can be a game-changer in predicting possible causes of failed implantation or increasing the chances of a healthy pregnancy. Knowing when to use PGT as a predictor can bring renewed hope and clarity while saving time and resources.

High-tech embryo screening

PGT is a procedure used alongside IVF to assess the genetic makeup of embryos before a transfer to the uterus. The test can identify genetic abnormalities that can be the root cause of IVF failure. Repeated miscarriages, implantation failures, and assessing for genetic diseases are common use cases of PGT. An embryologist performs PGT by taking a biopsy of cells from the embryos created during IVF, usually 5 days after fertilization. The biopsy is analyzed using techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing to scan the chromosomes and genetic makeup of the cells. The results can help fertility teams make more informed decisions in embryo selection, potentially increasing success rates.

Understanding the types of PGT

There are 3 main types of PGT. With preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), the fertility team screens for chromosomal abnormalities, which can lead to conditions like Down syndrome or failed implantation. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic defects (PGT-M) identifies embryos affected by specific single-gene disorders, such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia. PGT-M is ideal when there is a known genetic condition between the couple. Finally, preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) finds potential issues with the makeup of the chromosomes. This step identifies if an embryo will develop unbalanced chromosome sets. The fertility team may perform 1 or all of these tests based on the circumstances.

Pros and cons of the PGT decision

PGT has some fantastic benefits. IVF creates multiple embryos. Testing can identify potential chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, increasing the chance of a successful implantation. This extra step reduces the number of IVF cycles required to achieve a successful pregnancy. PGT also reduces miscarriage rates, increasing IVF success and helping to create peace of mind. Screening embryos also reduces the risk of genetic conditions moving to offspring. While effective, PGT adds additional costs to the already financially taxing IVF process. Some couples feel more stress and anxiety with the process, as there is concern if a genetic abnormality is uncovered. There is also no guarantee that PGT will lead to a successful pregnancy or healthy child. If a condition is not detectable through available testing methods or produces a false-positive, an IVF cycle can still fail. The fertility team will discuss the pros and cons before proceeding.

When should genetic testing matter?

All IVF cycles do not need PGT. Most patients achieve success without additional testing. PGT matters when couples or individuals with donor materials have tried several IVF cycles without a successful pregnancy. Couples who have encountered multiple miscarriages should consider PGT. If there is a known genetic condition in the couple, PGT is considered before the first IVF cycle. Studies also show that couples over 35 have a higher risk of developing embryos with chromosomal abnormalities. Being proactive can help to avoid using potentially risky embryos. The fertility team can counsel the couple to make a well-informed decision.

Look into the crystal ball of IVF

PGT has become an excellent tool to identify the inner workings of embryos. Fertility teams can pinpoint the genetic abnormalities that can be causing miscarriages or failed IVF cycles. Many see PGT as having a crystal ball into the IVF process. In many ways, the test can be an excellent predictor of success, especially in cases with repeated failures. With the appropriate information, a single healthy embryo is transferred in each cycle. The team can also decide whether donor eggs or sperm are required. With IVF, information is power. Work with the fertility team to boost chances with genetic testing.